Indonesia Economy

 Economy :

Economy - overview:

Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, grew an estimated 6.1% and 6.4% in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The government made economic advances under the first administration of President YUDHOYONO (2004-09), introducing significant reforms in the financial sector, including tax and customs reforms, the use of Treasury bills, and capital market development and supervision. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth in 2009. The government has promoted fiscally conservative policies, resulting in a debt-to-GDP ratio of less than 25%, a small current account surplus, a fiscal deficit below 2%, and historically low rates of inflation. Fitch and Moody's upgraded Indonesia's credit rating to investment grade in December 2011. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among regions. The government in 2012 faces the ongoing challenge of improving Indonesia's insufficient infrastructure to remove impediments to economic growth, labor unrest over wages, and reducing its fuel subsidy program in the face of rising oil prices.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

 

$1.125 trillion (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 16

$1.056 trillion (2010 est.)

$994.8 billion (2009 est.)

note: data are in 2011 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

 

$832.9 billion (2011 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

 

6.5% (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 38

6.2% (2010 est.)

4.6% (2009 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

 

$4,700 (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 157

$4,400 (2010 est.)

$4,200 (2009 est.)

note: data are in 2011 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

 

agriculture: 14.7%

industry: 47.2%

services: 38.1% (2011 est.)

Labor force:

 

117.4 million (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 5

Labor force - by occupation:

 

agriculture: 38.3%

industry: 12.8%

services: 48.9% (2010 est.)

Unemployment rate:

 

6.6% (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 70

7.1% (2010 est.)

Population below poverty line:

 

12.5% (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

 

lowest 10%: 3.3%

highest 10%: 29.9% (2009)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

 

36.8 (2009)

country comparison to the world: 79

39.4 (2005)

Investment (gross fixed):

 

32% of GDP (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 13

Budget:

 

revenues: $138 billion

expenditures: $147.7 billion (2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues:

 

16.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 186

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):

 

-1.2% of GDP (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 64

Public debt:

 

24.1% of GDP (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 120

25.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

 

5.4% (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 140

5.1% (2010 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

 

6.37% (31 December 2010)

country comparison to the world: 59

6.46% (31 December 2009)

note: this figure represents the 3-month SBI rate; the Bank of Indonesia has not employed the one-month SBI since September 2010

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

 

12.4% (31 December 2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 63

13.25% (31 December 2010 est.)

note: these figures represent the average annualized rate on working capital loans

Stock of narrow money:

 

$79.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

$67.34 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of broad money:

 

$317.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 31

$274.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit:

 

$307.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

$254.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

 

$390.1 billion (31 December 2011)

country comparison to the world: 24

$360.4 billion (31 December 2010)

$178.2 billion (31 December 2009)

Agriculture - products:

 

rice, cassava (manioc), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs

Industries:

 

petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism

Industrial production growth rate:

 

4.1% (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 77

Current account balance:

 

$2.069 billion (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 41

$5.146 billion (2010 est.)

Exports:

 

$201.5 billion (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 27

$158.1 billion (2010 est.)

Exports - commodities:

 

oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber

Exports - partners:

 

Japan 16.6%, China 11.3%, Singapore 9.1%, US 8.1%, South Korea 8.1%, India 6.6%, Malaysia 5.4% (2011)

Imports:

 

$166.1 billion (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 30

$127.4 billion (2010 est.)

Imports - commodities:

 

machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Imports - partners:

 

China 14.8%, Singapore 14.6%, Japan 11%, South Korea 7.3%, US 6.1%, Thailand 5.9%, Malaysia 5.9% (2011)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

 

$110.1 billion (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 21

$96.21 billion (2010 est.)

Debt - external:

 

$190.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 32

$179.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

 

$104.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 34

$86.61 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

 

$40.57 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 37

$32.85 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Exchange rates:

 

Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar -

8,770.4 (2011 est.)

9,090.4 (2010 est.)

10,389.9 (2009)

9,698.9 (2008)

9,143 (2007)

Fiscal year:

 

calendar year